Changes in Ca(2+)concentration and caspase-3 expression and their relationship in Raji cells exposed to electromagnetic radiation / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM), and X-band high power microwave (X-HPM) on the Ca(2+) concentration and caspase-3 expression in Raji cells and the relationship between Ca(2+) concentration and caspase-3 expression, and to investigate the regulatory mechanism of electromagnetic radiation damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Raji cells were cultured conventionally. Some cells were irradiated by EMP, S-HPM, and X-HPM in the logarithmic growth phase for 6 hours and then collected; others received sham irradiation as a control. The Ca(2+) concentration in the cells was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope; the caspase-3 expression in the cells was evaluated by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group (Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity = 43.08 ± 2.08; caspase-3 expression level = 0.444 ± 0.13), the EMP,S-HPM, and X-HPM groups had significantly increased Ca(2+) concentrations, with Ca(2+) fluorescence intensities of 69.56 ± 1.71, 50.06 ± 1.89, and 70.68 ± 1.59, respectively (P < 0.01), and had upregulated caspase-3 expression, with expression levels of 0.964 ± 0.12, 0.586 ± 0.16, and 0.970 ± 0.07, respectively (P < 0.01). Each of the EMP and X-HPM groups had significantly higher Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity and caspase-3 expression level than the S-HPM group (P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the EMP and X-HPM groups. The linear regression analysis showed that the caspase-3 expression was upregulated as the Ca(2+) concentration increased, with a positive correlation between them (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EMP, S-HPM, and X-HPM cause damage probably by increasing the Ca(2+) concentration in cells and in turn inducing caspase-3 overexpression.</p>

Serological survys on anti-H1N1 IgG of blood donors in Dongguan / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To access the sustained immune effect in influenza A H1N1 vaccine vaccinated-blood donors as well as the level of anti-H1N1 IgG in unvaccinated-blood donors in order to provide reference for preventing and treating influenza A H1N1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anti-H1N1 IgG was detected in 1166 vaccinated-blood donors as well as 1265 unvaccinated-blood donors by ELISA method in Dongguan from January 2010 to June 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean positive rate and high-titer rate of anti-H1N1 IgG were 78.82% and 46.57% respectively, both of which were sustained at relatively high level after reaching their peak at vaccination time of 71-90 d. The mean positive rate of anti-H1N1 IgG in unvaccinated-blood donors was 26.01%. No difference was found in the positive rate of anti-H1N1 IgG among different gender or age groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The influenza A H1N1 vaccine, with good sustained immune effect, plays an important role in preventing and treating influenza A H1N1. The positive rate of anti-H1N1 IgG in influenza A HIN1 vaccine unvaccinated-blood donors is low. Vaccination should be strengthened.</p>

Review and expectations of terror attack emergency rescue / 解放军医学杂志

Ten years of anti-terror struggle since the 9/11 event has indicated adequately that terrorism is a global problem and international danger. Likewise, anti-terror emergency rescue is also an important task which will influence the safety and benefit of every country all over the world. This paper reviews the main progress and result of international anti-terror struggle in the last ten years, and also introduces the new characteristic of the international anti-terror activity. Besides that, this paper also brings forward the further consideration about the anti-terror emergency medical rescue and the researches remaining to be carried out. The latter includes: (1) to further perfect the high-efficient medical rescue command organization; (2) to further perfect the emergency medical rescue prearranged scheme; (3) to further perfect the construction of rescue system and rescue base after various types of terror attack; (4) to further promote the anti-terror consciousness in the public, and pay more attention to the prevention and investigation of the psychological disaster; (5) to further carry out the basic investigation on emergency medical rescue after various terror attack injuries (for example the types and characteristics of new injuries, pathophysiology and prevention and treatment of stress-psychological effect induced by terror attack, new high-efficient medical rescue measure and equipments, and so on).

Effects of electromagnetic radiation on RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in rats hippocampus / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the development of changes for signaling molecules related to Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in hippocampus of rats after electromagnetic radiation, and investigate the mechanisms of radiation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to X-HPM, S-HPM and EMP radiation source respectively, and animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Raf-1, phosphorylated Raf-1 and phospholylated ERK.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Raf-1 down-regulated during 6 h-14 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and recovered at 28 d. There was no significant difference between the radiation groups. The expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 and phosphorylated ERK both up-regulated at 6 h and 7 d after radiation, more significantly at 6 h, and the two microwave groups were more serious for phosphorylated ERK. During 6 h-14 d after S-HPM radiation, the expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 increased continuously, but phosphorylated ERK changed wavily, 6 h and 7 d were expression peak.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway participates in the hippocampus injury induced by electromagnetic radiation. The excessive activation of ERK pathway may result in the apoptosis and death of neurons, which is the important mechanism of recognition disfunction caused by electromagnetic radiation.</p>

Study on the declining physical functions and its influencing factors among the Chinese elderly aged 65 years and over / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the declining pattern of physical activities on daily living (PADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and its influencing factors among the Chinese elderly aged 65 years and over. Methods Using data from 2002 and 2005 of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study (CLHLS), 6761 Chinese elderly with fully independent PADL in 2002 and 3556 Chinese elderly with fully independent IADL in 2002 were studied. Results Data showed that the male elderly with fully dependent IADL at baseline in 2002 declined to 59.3% but kept the IADL in full independent in 2005, while that of female elderly were 51.8 % still keeping the IADL full independent in2005. Male elderly who at baseline with the PADL fully dependent in 2002 declined to 87.1% but kept the PADL full independent in 2005, while that of female elderly were 81.5% keeping the PADL full independent in 2005.There were only 70.0% ,47.0% ,24.0% and 15.0% elderly keeping the IADL fullindependent among the age groups of 65-74,75-84,85-94 and 95-105, respectively, from 2002 to 2005;while there were 95.0 %, 87.0 %, 74.0 % and 55.0 % elderly keeping the PADL full independent amongthe above age groups of 65-74,75-84,85-94 and 95-105, from 2002 to 2005. Age, numbers of episodes that suffering from serious illness in the past two years and cognitive ability were significantly associated with IADL or PADL had a decline after controlling for sex, socioeconomic factors in the multinomial logistical regression analysis among the Chinese elderly aged 65 years and older,during the period from 2002 to 2005.Conclusion The declining physical functional status among the 65 and older elderly went severe with age in China,with IADL more severe than that of PADL. Chinese female elderly suffered more in PADL or IADL than that of male elderly. Age, numbers of episode that suffering from serious illness in the past two years and cognitive ability were considered as predictive factors of functional status among the Chinese elderly. However,gender,living conditions, education background and marital status that appearring to be the significant predictors only seen in partial IADL/PADL declining models.

Influence of electromagnetic radiation on raf kinase inhibitor protein and its related proteins of hippocampus / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the development of changes for Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and its mRNA in rats hippocampus after electromagnetic radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to X-band high power microwave (X-HPM), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation source respectively. The animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of RKIP, and RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of RKIP mRNA. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 was measured with co-immunoprecipitation method, and the expression of cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of RKIP significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation, and recovered at 1 d in group EMP, but the down-regulation continued during 1 approximately 7 d after radiation in the two microwave groups. The expression of RKIP mRNA changed wavily during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, which showed down-regulation at 6 h, and up-regulation at 3 d. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 decreased during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and the two microwave groups were more significant. The expression of CHAT decreased continuously during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, and generally recovered on 14 d.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down-regulation of RKIP and its related proteins of hippocampus is induced by electromagnetic radiation.</p>

Study about seroconversion of HBV NAT screening-positive crowd from blood donors / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of seroconversion of HBV NAT screening-positive crowd from blood donors in Dongguan city and provide reference for the safety of blood transfusion and disease prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With retrospective survey, Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was used to analyze 28800 HBsAg-negative samples by ELISA from blood donors in Dongguan city from August, 2006 to August, 2007 with Roche Cobas AmpliScreen systems; and follow-up research including NAT for HBV-DNA, ELISA for HBsAg and multiple factors analysis for HBV infection was carried out on HBV NAT screening-positive crowd.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>10 positive pooling were screened from 28800 samples; after further detection, 2 of these positive pooling were HBV-DNA negative and 8 HBV-DNA positive samples were found.The 10-week follow-up research on these 8 blood donors showed that 6 were HBV-DNA positive and HBsAg-negative at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks respectively, 1 was not HBsAg positive until 2 weeks and was positive on follow-up, and considered in "window period", 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up. Of these 8,7 were not only migrant laborers with poor condition of work, life and health but also in high risk of secondary infection for HBV, in addition they had little idea of therapy or prevention measures of HBV infection and the other 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up, who was in better condition than the above 7 donors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NAT is more sensitive than ELISA in screening HBV, but the probability of being false positive of NAT can not be ignored at the same time. On the hand, only screening HBsAg for HBV is relative limitation in high infection region of China. Some factors would have effect on the serum conversion of blood donors including the quality of work and life, therapy or prevention measures.</p>

Changes of apoptosis, mitochondrion membrane potential and Ca2+ of hypothalamic neurons induced by high power microwave / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the injury effect and mechanism of hypothalamic neurons after high power microwave (HPM) exposure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured hypothalamic neurons were exposed to 10 and 30 mW/cm(2) HPM, and the inverted phase contrast microscope (IPCM) and flow cytometry (FCM) were employed to detect the injury of cells and change of mitochondrion membrane potential (MMP) and Ca(2+) in the cytoplasm of neurons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of apoptosis was significantly higher than that of the sham exposure (P < 0.05) induced by 10 and 30 mW/cm(2) HPM and necrosis increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the group of 30 mW/cm(2) at 6 h after exposure. The content of Ca(2+) in the cytoplasm of neuron cells increased (P < 0.01) while MMP decreased significantly (P < 0.01) after radiation of 30 mW/cm(2) HPM at 6 h after exposure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apoptosis is one of the major death ways of hypothalamic neurons. The overloading of Ca(2+) and the decline of MMP are involved in the process.</p>

Comparison of homemade and imported HbsAg ELISA kits on screening blood samples / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To evaluate homemade and imported HbsAg ELISA kits on screening blood donors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples for evaluation included 120 HbsAg serum plates for the golden criteria and 400 sets of serum from blood donors in Dongguan. The samples underwent blind screening with homemade and imported ELISA kits respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of homemade (Xinchuang) and imported (Diasorin) HbsAg ELISA kit were 85.71% (72/84) and 100% (84/84), respectively. Their specificity was 100% (436/436) and 96.55% (421/436) respectively. The consistency of two ELISA kits was 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The imported ELISA kit had the highest sensitivity, but its specificity was not as good as that of homemade ELISA kit. The two kinds of ELISA kits had good repetition. The combination of the two reagents may ensure the safety of blood transfusion.</p>

Pathological study of testicular injury induced by high power microwave radiation in rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pathological characteristics and the dynamic change regularity of the testis induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-five male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for five minutes, and changes of testicular morphology and teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa were observed through light microscope and electron microscope at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 d after radiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats might be induced by 3 to approximately 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation, and the main pathological changes were degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, formation of multinuclear giant cells, decrease or loss of sperm and interstitial edema. Injury of spermatogenic cells underwent such phases as death and shedding, cavitation, regeneration and repair, characterized by being focalized, inhomogenous and phased. And the severity of pathological changes of the testis increased with power density. There was only scattered degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubule one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, and the pathological changes six hours after 10 mW/cm2 radiation was similar to those one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, but with the formation of multinuclear giant cells, and the above-mentioned pathological changes aggravated from one day to seven days after radiation. There was a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, as well as a significant decrease in spermatozoa and focal necrosis in simple seminiferous tubules six hours after 30 and 100 mW/cm2 radiation, and the subsequent changes were similar to those of 10 mW/cm2 radiation. There was a significant increase in teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa at 3 d, 1 to approximately 7 d, 6 h to approximately 7 d after 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPM radiation may cause injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats, which has a positive correlation to radiation dosage and time.</p>

The expression of platelet-derived growth factor-A and its receptor in acute radiation-induced skin ulcer in rats / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dynamic expression of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and its receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha) in different acute radiation-induced skin ulcers, and to explore the underlying mechanism involved in retarded healing of the ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The model of acute radiation-induced skin ulcers in rats was replicated with 50 Gy 60Co gamma rays to the skin (radiation group, R, n = 55), rats with full - thickness skin excision wounds as control group (T, n = 55), and 5 normal rats to serve as normal control (NC) group. The expression of PDGF-A and PDGFR-alpha protein and PDGF-A mRNA was respectively assessed by means of histochemistry and in situ RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No PDGF-A expression was identified in the rat skin in NC group. The expression of PDGF-A and PDGFR were reduced in R group during inflammatory responsive and granulation formation periods (14 - 28 days after radiation, the IA value of PDGF-A varied from 14.0 +/- 1.2 to 20.3 +/- 1.2 compared with that in T group in which the IA value of PDGF-A at the same period (3 - 9 days after injury) varied from 20.0 +/- 1.6 to 28.3 +/- 1.0, and reduced gradually during scar formation period (55 days after radiation).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reduction of PDGF-A and PDGFR-expression may be partially involved in the mechanism of retarded healing of acute radiation-induced skin ulcers.</p>

Changes of the expression of beta1-adrenergic receptor and M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in rat hearts after high power microwave radiation / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on the expression of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)-AR) and M(2)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M(2)-AchR) in cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>S-band HPM device of mean power density 2 approximately 90 mW/cm(2) was used to irradiate 150 healthy Wistar male rats. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to study the pathological characteristics of heart tissue and the expression of beta(1)-AR and M(2)-AchR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Radiation of over 10 mW/cm(2) made myocardial fibers disordered in arrangement, degeneration even sarcoplasm condensation, Pace cells necrosis, and Purkinje cells lysis in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.968, P < 0.05). beta(1)-AR expression in endocardium, membrane and cytoplasm of myocardium of left ventricle was increased on d1 after radiation, peaked on d3 (P < 0.05) and recovered on d14. M(2)-AchR expression was peaked on d1 (P < 0.01) and recovered on d14.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Certain degree intensity of HPM radiation may cause heart injury, and increased expressions of beta(1)-AR and M(2)-AchR, which may play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart injury induced by HPM.</p>

A study on the expression of HSP70 and iNOS after human brain contusion / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the relationship between expression of HSP70, iNOS and traumatic brain contusion (TBI) in different posttraumatic intervals.@*METHODS@#35 samples of brain contusion were examined using immunohistochemecal staining to evaluate the expression of HSP70 and iNOS.@*RESULTS@#Maximal HSP70 expression was found at 0h after brain contusion. The intensity of HSP70 staining decreased remarkably to the minimum at 24h after TBI, then increased gradually. Expression of iNOS positive cells increased significantly and reached the maximum level 48h after TBI, then the expression decreased gradually from the 2nd day to the 11th day.@*CONCLUSION@#The changes of HSP70 and iNOS immunohistochemical staining can be used as a referential data for estimating time interval after human brain contusion.

Studies on the injury effects of hippocampus induced by high power microwave radiation in rat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of morphology and function in rat hippocampus induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male Wistar rats were radiated by HPM. Then their learning and memory abilities were tested with Y maze and were sacrificed 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after radiation. The hippocampus was taken out to study the basic pathologic changes, apoptosis and the expressions of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by means of HE staining, Nissel body staining, in situ terminal end labeling and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The learning and memory abilities of rats reduced significantly after HPM radiation. HPM also resulted in rarefaction, edema and hemangiectasia of hippocampus, nervous cells degeneration and necrosis, decrease or disappearance of Nissel bodies. The injuries were more serious in field CA4 and dentate gyrus, which showed dose-effect relationship, and were progressively aggravated within 7 days. The apoptosis cells were significantly increased. NSE was increased in neurons. The NSE positive areas were also seen in the interstitial matrix and blood vessels. GFAP was increased in astrocytes, which became shorter and thicker.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPM can damage the abilities of learning and memory and results in morphologic changes in hippocampus. The major pathologic changes are degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis of neurons and edema in interstitium. NSE and GFAP play an important role in the pathologic process.</p>

Effect of electromagnetic pulse irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fourteen male Kunming mice were randomly divided into irradiated and control group, the former radiated generally by 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP respectively five times within two minutes. Pathological changes of Leydig cells were observed by light and electron microscope. Serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured dynamically by radioimmunoassay at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after irradiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Main pathological changes were edema and vacuolation, swelling of cytoplasmic mitochondria, reduce of lipid droplets, pale staining of most of lipid droplets, and partial or complete cavitation of lipid droplets in Leydig cells within 28 days after EMP radiation. Compared with normal controls, serum T decreased in all in different degrees within 28 days, and dropped significantly at 6 h-14 d, 6 h-7 d and 1 d-28 d after 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP irradiation(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in serum LH and E2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Leydig cells are among those that are the most susceptible to EMP irradiation. EMP irradiation may cause significant injury in structure and function of Leydig cells in mice, whose earlier and continuous effect is bound to affect sexual function and sperm production.</p>

Clinical pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To explore the pathological features and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to provide evidence for the clinical treatment and prevention of SARS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pathological features of 2 cases of full autopsy and 4 cases of needle biopsy tissue samples from the patients who died from SARS were studied by light and electron microscopy. The distribution and quantity of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lungs and immune organs from SARS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The location and semi-quantitative analysis of SARS coronavirus in the tissue specimens were studied by electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total of 6 cases, diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar cell proliferation were common. The major pathological changes of 2 autopsy cases of SARS in lung tissues were acute pulmonary interstitial and alveolar exudative inflammation, and 2 autopsy and one biopsy lung tissues showed alveolar hyaline membrane formation. Terminal bronchiolar and alveolar desquamation of lung tissues in one autopsy and 2 biopsy cases were noted. Among 6 cases, 2 biopsy cases presented early pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar organization. Meanwhile, the immune organs, including lymph nodes and spleens from 2 autopsy cases of SARS whose disease courses were less than 12 days showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis, reactive macrophage/histocyte proliferation, with relative depression of mononuclear and granulocytic clones in the bone marrows. However, spleen and bone marrow biopsy tissue samples from 4 dead SARS cases whose clinical course lasted from 21 to 40 days presented repairing changes. SARS coronaviruses were mainly identified in type I and II alveolar epithelia, macrophages, and endothelia; meanwhile, some renal tubular epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, mucosal and crypt epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tracts, parenchymal cells in adrenal glands, lymphocytes, testicular epithelial cells and Leydig's cells were also detected by electron microscopy combined with in situ hybridization. The semi-quantitative analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations revealed that the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes were about 80% of the total infiltrative inflammatory cells in the pulmonary interstitium, with a few CD4+ lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ or CD20+ lymphocyte subpopulations were obviously decreased and there was imbalance in number and proportion, while CD57+, CD68+, S-100+ and HLA-DR+ cells were relatively increased in lymph nodes and spleens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Histologically, the pulmonary changes could be divided into acute inflammatory exudative, terminal bronchiolar and alveolar desquamative and proliferative repair stages or types during the pathological process of SARS. SARS coronavirus was found in multi-target cells in vivo, which means that SARS coronavirus might cause multi-organ damages which were predominant in lungs. There were varying degrees of decrease and imbalance in number and proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations in the immune organs of the patients with SARS. However, these changes may be reversible. It was found that cellular immune responses were predominant in the lungs of SARS cases, which might play an important role in getting rid of coronaviruses in infected cells and inducing immune mediated injury.</p>

Effects of electromagnetic pulse on contents of amino acids in hippocampus of rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the changes of amino acids contents in hippocampus of rats and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were decapitated and hippocampus were removed after EMP (6 x 10(4) V/m, rise time 20 ns, pulse width 30 micro s, 5 pulses in 2 minutes) irradiation, and contents of amino acids were detected with high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) increased significantly 0, 3, 6 h after irradiation. The peak values of Asp [(17.25 +/- 1.63) pmol/ micro l] and Glu [(13.67 +/- 0.95) pmol/ micro l] were higher than those of control [(10.56 +/- 1.50), (6.94 +/- 1.10) pmol/ micro l respectively, P < 0.05]. Then both decreased gradually and reached the normal level 24 - 48 h after irradiation. The contents of glycine (Gly), taurine (Tau) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also rose after exposure, the peak value of them [(4.51 +/- 0.60), (29.85 +/- 2.70), (5.14 +/- 0.73) pmol/ micro l respectively] were higher than those of control group [(2.18 +/- 0.31), (9.88 +/- 1.47), (2.84 +/- 0.67) pmol/ micro l, P < 0.05], then recovered 48 h after irradiation. The value of Glu/GABA increased immediately after exposure (3.45 +/- 0.25, P < 0.05), then decreased 24 h (1.62 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05) and recovered 48 h after exposure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The toxic effect of excess excitatory amino acids may be partly responsible for the early retardation (within 24 h) of learning of rats.</p>

Effect of electromagnetic pulse irradiation on mice reproduction / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation on mice reproduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female/male Kunming mice, 6 - 8 weeks old, prior to mating, or female after pregnancy were treated with whole body irradiation by 6 x 10(4) V/m electromagnetic pulse (EMP) for five times. The pregnant mice were killed on the 18th days, and teratological markers were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in most of female organ weight and organ/body weight ratio. But it caused significant shortening in tail length of live foetus in the female mice before conception (prior to mating) or after pregnancy (P < 0.05), and obvious decrease in male offspring ratio (0.85 +/- 0.09 vs 1.09 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05). The male offspring ratio also significantly decreased (0.76 +/- 0.18 vs 1.09 +/- 0.17, P < 0.01) after male mice irradiated by EMP. The tail length of live foetus was shortened and male offspring sex ratio was increased after both male and female mice were irradiated by EMP. EMP irradiation also caused a significantly higher fetal death rate than normal control (P < 0.05). The embryo absorption rate was increased after irradiation except that was decreased in male mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EMP irradiation has effect on pregnancy and offspring development in both male and female mice before mating and in female mice after pregnancy.</p>

The influence of high power microwave irradiation on the expression of neuropeptide Y and neural nitric oxide synthase in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus of Wistar rats. Methods A total of 110 Wistar rats were used for this study.Three groups of 30 Wistar rats were exposed to HPM irradiation at intensities of 3,10,30 and 100 mW/cm~2,respectively.Twenty rats served as controls and were ex- posed to sham HPM irradiation.At 6 h,and at 1,3,7,14 and 28 d after irradiation,five rats from each group were sacrificed,and their cerebral cortices and hippocampi were harvested.HE staining was used to highlight any change in the structure of the cerebral cortex or hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry techniques and image analysis were used to study the changes in NPY and nNOS expression.Results 10 to 100 mW/cm~2 HPM irradiation caused pyc- nosis and deep staining of some neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.The increase in nNOS expression and decrease in NPY expression observed were significant at 3 days after irradiation.Conclusion HPM irradiation can induce injury in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus,and abnormal NPY and nNOS expression.

Expression of MMP1 and TIMP1 in radiation-combined wound healing and their effects on the healing process and tissue remodeling / 军事医学科学院院刊

Objective:To study the expression of MMP1 and TIMP1 in simple and radiation-combined wound healing and their effects on the healing process and tissue remodeling. Methods: A rat model of radiation-combined wound healing was used. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed which enabled the detection of MMP1 and TIMP1 expression in the healing process. Ultrastructural changes were observed with transmission EM. Results: The wound healing process was impaired and delayed. In rats receiving 25 Gy of gamma ray locally the irradiated wounds healed 6 days later than non-irradiated controls. The following changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 expression were found: (1) In the early inflammatory phase and in the period of granulation tissue formation, MMP1 expression in the newly-formed epidermis of irradiated wounds approximated that in the controls. Later, the epidermal expression of MMP1 in radiation wounds was comparatively increased with the delay of the healing process.On days 3 to 14 after wounding, TIMP1 was weakly positive in the proliferating keratinocytes of control wounds and became negative after epidermal covering, whereas no or only slight epidermal expression was detected in radiation wounds before epidermal covering.(2)MMP1 and TIMP　1 expression in radiation wounds was markedlydecreased in fibroblasts　, endotheliocytes and macrophages as compared with the controls. The expression phase was prolonged due to the delay of the healing process.Conclusions:The reduced expression of MMP1 and TIMP1 in granulation tissue retards such important processes as cell migration, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, thus retarding the healing process. The expression of MMP1 in the newly-formed epidermis may help the process of reepithelialization,but in the late healing period, overexpression of MMP1 and decreased expression of TIMP1 in the epidermis may hinder the establishment of basal membrane and the formation of granulation tissue, and thus affect the matrix remodeling process.